TidBITS#595/03-Sep-01 ===================== Tired of tailoring your life to the TV? Read Andrew Laurence's account of how a TiVo personal video recorder frees you from the tyranny of the TV schedule. With Mac OS X 10.1 coming soon, we look at a number of Mac OS X utilities that improve your user experience. In the news, Intego offers free copies of ContentBarrier to orphaned KidSafe users, and Outpost.com's acquisition by PC Connection fails, only to be replaced with an offer by Fry's Electronics. Topics: MailBITS/03-Sep-01 TenBITS/03-Sep-01 TiVo: Freedom Through Time-Shifting, Part 2 Copyright 2001 TidBITS Electronic Publishing. All rights reserved. Information: Comments: --------------------------------------------------------------- This issue of TidBITS sponsored in part by: * READERS LIKE YOU! You can help support TidBITS via our voluntary <- NEW! contribution program. Special thanks this week to Ken Landa, Dundas Flaherty, and Anthony Sykes for their generous support! * APS Tech -- 800/395-5871 -- Burn a full CD in less than five minutes with the APS CD-RW 16x10x40 FireWire Plus. FireWire and USB ports let you easily connect to all recent Macs. Order at: * WinStar Northwest Nexus. Visit us at . Internet business solutions throughout the Pacific Northwest. * Small Dog Electronics: Norton SystemWorks & Quicken: $77.77 <------ NEW! New Flower Power iMac 500 MHz, FREE 128 MB RAM & Printer: $929 Epson EPL-5700i USB Laser 8PPM, 600 DPI Refurbished: $229 ConceptDraw: $79! -- 802/496-7171 * Bare Bones Software, makers of BBEdit 6.1 -- It doesn't suck. Try Super Get Info, our new Mac OS X file utility: view & edit Mac types and creators, Unix file permissions, and more. Get a FREE demo and kiss 'chown' goodbye. * Network Troubles? Track down connection problems with the 12 <----- NEW! handy Internet tests in IPNetMonitor. 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See product descriptions at: or call 800/527-1914 --------------------------------------------------------------- MailBITS/03-Sep-01 ------------------ **Free ContentBarrier for KidSafe Home Users** -- Intego has announced that it is giving away copies of the $40 ContentBarrier, its Internet content filtering software to home users of Apple's recently discontinued KidSafe service (see "Apple Discontinues KidSafe; Poll Asks Why" in TidBITS-592_). The offer is good through 01-Oct-01 for one download version of ContentBarrier with three months of updates. [ACE] **Outpost.com Switches to Fry's Electronics** -- Three months after Outpost.com announced it would be acquired by PC Connection, that merger has fallen through due to too-low total revenues for the months of June, July, and August of 2001 (see "Outpost.com Acquired by PC Connection" in TidBITS-582_). Now Outpost.com will be acquired by Fry's Electronics, a privately held Silicon Valley retail electronics store that has expanded throughout California and into Oregon, Texas, and Arizona. Fry's will pay $0.25 per share in cash for Outpost.com, plus loan the company up to $13 million to repay loans from PC Connection and provide working capital. Outpost.com will continue to operate under its own name and from its existing facilities. [ACE] TenBITS/03-Sep-01 ----------------- by TidBITS Editors Mac OS X 10.1 should be arriving soon, and Macintosh developers are lining up with compatible revisions of their Mac OS X software. Here are a few of the ones that we found most interesting. **OmniWeb 4.0.5 Adds Languages** -- The Omni Group has released OmniWeb 4.0.5, fixing bugs and improving international support in the Mac OS X-native Web browser. OmniWeb adds Spanish (with documentation), Dutch, and Italian to its list of languages, which already includes Japanese, Danish, Swedish, French, German, and English. Other changes in version 4.0.5 include improved handling of RGB colors defined by Cascading Style Sheets, compatibility with developer releases of Mac OS X 10.1, and a few bug fixes. OmniWeb is a free 4.1 MB download; a $30 license removes occasional payment reminders. [JLC] **Replace Your Apple Menu** -- Gideon Greenspan of Sig Software has released Classic Menu 2.5, a shareware utility that returns the user-customization features of the Apple menu to Mac OS X. (The previous version of Classic Menu, version 2.1, worked only with Mac OS X Public Beta.) After launching Classic Menu, the Apple menu acts as it did in Mac OS 9, displaying icons and names for items you've placed in a special folder (the Classic Menu Items folder in your user's Preferences folder). Classic Menu supports files and folders, and folders show up as hierarchical menus up to five levels deep. Classic Menu even improves on the original Apple menu approach with three functions in the Menu Folder hierarchical menu. You can add an alias (through a standard file selection window) to the Classic Menu Items folder, open the Classic Menu Items folder in the Finder, and select a folder to use instead of the Classic Menu Items folder (making it possible to switch between Apple menu "sets"). Plus, in Classic Menu's preferences, you can choose the color of your Apple logo and the way you want to be able to access the default system Apple menu. Missing from this version is a replacement for the classic application menu, though Gideon said he hopes to bring it back once Mac OS X 10.1 is out. The $10 Classic Menu is a tiny 38K download, and it costs only $20 bundled with Sig Software's Drop Drawers X, an interesting take on launcher utilities. [ACE] **Snapz Pro X Captures Mac OS X Screens** -- Snapz Pro X has been out for about a month, but I'm blaming our tardy coverage on mail servers, which failed to deliver the press release for almost a month. But it's here now, and I'm glad to see an industrial strength screen capture application for Mac OS X, which has up to this point offered only the minimal Grab utility. Snapz Pro X can save any portion of the screen (such as windows, menus, or dialog boxes) as a .gif, .jpg, .pict, .tiff, .png, .pdf, .bmp, or Photoshop file, and (for an extra $20) it can even record QuickTime videos of screen actions. Features in Snapz Pro X that are unique to Mac OS X include the new Fatbits tool for zooming in on your screen, automatic generation of thumbnails, and the addition of watermarks to images. The shareware Snapz Pro X is a 4.5 MB download and costs $29, or $49 for Snapz Pro X w/ Movie Capture. Users of Snapz Pro 2 or St. Clair Software's Screen Catcher can upgrade for $19 ($39 for the movie capture functionality). For more details on Snapz Pro, see "Say Cheese! Snapz Pro" in TidBITS-372_ and "Snapz Pro 2 Adds TIFF, QuickTime Movie Support" in TidBITS-488_. [ACE] **DragThing 4.1 Released** -- The latest version of James Thompson's alternative dock utility DragThing adds a number of new features plus compatibility for the upcoming Mac OS X 10.1. Dock items now support Unicode and long file names, docks can have custom backgrounds, and other interface improvements abound (such as hiding a dock's window shadow or manipulating the size and look of a dock's tabs). The arrival of Mac OS X 10.1 will bring the capability of hiding and showing applications, plus ejecting disks by dragging them to the Trash in DragThing docks. DragThing 4.1 also works on computers running Mac OS 8.6 or later, is a free update for owners of version 4.0 or later, and is a 1 MB download. [JLC] **Get More Info with Super Get Info** -- Apple has plastered over many of the holes left from grafting the classic Mac OS on top of the Unix-based Mac OS X. One that remains, however, is the morass of file information, since files in Mac OS X have both standard Macintosh types and creators and Unix owner, group, and permission settings. Worse, the Mac OS X Finder's Show Info command opens only one window at a time, making it difficult to compare files. The $20 Super Get Info 1.0.1 from Bare Bones Software addresses many of these shortcomings, letting you view and edit both Macintosh and Unix file information, change creation and modification dates, open more than one info window, copy a file or folder's path, preview file contents, and more. If you've been chafing at the minimal amount of information available via Apple's Show Info command, give the demo of Super Get Info a spin. [ACE] **Keep It Up X Monitors Mac OS X Servers** -- We've long relied on Karl Pottie's Keep It Up to watch our Internet server applications and restart them should anything go wrong. Though we're not running any Mac OS X-based servers, those who are can use Keep It Up X 3.0 for the same purpose. New features include enhanced system load and volume info reports, the capability to force quit any native Mac OS X application, a forced restart that can shut down non-responding applications, and enhancements to the Weblaunch capabilities for launching items remotely. Karl isn't abandoning his Mac OS users though, and Keep It Up Classic 2.4.5 will be developed more or less independently from the Mac OS X version. Even if you're familiar with Keep It Up 2.x, Karl recommends studying the manual for Keep It Up X 3.0 because of subtle changes in the way some features work. Both versions remain $22 shareware, and Karl tells us that Keep It Up X 3.0 is considered a new product and thus requires a new registration. It's a 463K download. [ACE] **QuickSilver Ejecting under Mac OS X** -- Thanks to Chris Breen of Macworld for passing on this tip from Apple's Knowledge Base. If you're using a keyboard that lacks an Eject key with a Power Mac G4 (QuickSilver), there's no way you can open the CD/DVD tray if it's empty or the disk inside isn't mounted. In Mac OS 9.2, there is an Eject application and control strip module in the Eject Extras folder (search with Sherlock, or look in the Apple Extras folder). Either run the application to open the tray or install the control strip module in your Control Strip Modules folder in the System Folder, restart, and use the Control Strip's new Eject control. Under Mac OS X, you must instead use the Eject button of an application like iTunes that can open the tray when empty. (Chris confirmed for me that the Eject application doesn't work under Mac OS X.) MacFixIt posted a few other methods that work at boot time (not that you're rebooting Mac OS X often, right?), including holding down the mouse button at startup; holding down Option at startup and then pressing Command-period at the System Folder selection screen (mostly useful for booting from a CD - click Rescan after closing the tray to see the CD); and booting into Open Firmware by holding down Command-Option-O-F, typing "eject cd", press Return, then type "mac-boot" and press Return to continue the boot process. This admittedly unusual situation is just crying out for a simple shareware solution. [ACE] TiVo: Freedom Through Time-Shifting, Part 2 ------------------------------------------- by Andrew Laurence In last week's issue, I discussed the barriers presented in our lives by the television schedule, and how a Personal Video Recorder's (PVR) trick play functionality adds new flexibility to the television experience. The TiVo's user interface enables the user to choose programs to be recorded based on their titles, and tracks schedule changes through nightly updates. Now we'll look at the change a TiVo can bring to users' lives, how it works and the vibrant user community that has sprung up around it. Also be sure to tune into the TidBITS Talk discussions that have looked at issues such as using the TiVo in countries other than the U.S. and UK, other personal video recorders that compete with the TiVo, and much more. **Freedom from Television Tyranny** -- TiVo helps you find programs, schedule recordings to your heart's content, and ferret out little nuggets you wouldn't have otherwise known about - but is it truly the revolution in watching television that your TiVo- owning friends say it is? We are, after all, talking about a glorified VCR. Or are we? TiVo changes your viewing habits, but it can also have a profound impact on how your life is structured - especially today when people are spending record numbers of hours in front of their sets. This impact, however, is the hardest part to describe: it's just better, dang it, and when you have a TiVo it seems obviously so. Watching normal TV is now an excruciating experience - I have to choose from the dreck that's currently on or schedule my time around the shows I want to see, and must wait for a commercial break to answer nature's call. Perhaps the best way to illustrate the change TiVo brings is to describe how my girlfriend and I used to live. Cynthia takes ballet classes three nights a week, and the class schedule dictates our carpool. She needs to be there at 5:30 PM on Mondays, so we're home by 4:45 PM so she can change clothes and get something to eat before dashing out again. I used to channel surf for a while then, despite already knowing that I wouldn't be interested in anything on at that hour. Other nights we'd have dinner around 7:00 PM and eat at the coffee table while watching Friends reruns, even though we already knew the plot lines. On Thursdays Cynthia would race home from ballet to arrive by 10:00 PM and watch ER - she'd burst through the door, flip the TV to channel 4 and catch her breath during the opening credits, still grasping her purse and keys. We subscribed to a premium movie channel package, yet often rented movies. Once the TiVo arrived, our habits slowly changed. After only a couple of days we noticed that we ate dinner- at the dining room table - whenever we felt like it; there was no need to worry about sandwiching the meal between slices of sitcoms. On Thursdays Cynthia gets home at a leisurely 10:10 PM, changes clothes and eats dinner before settling into ER around 10:30 PM; she fast- forwards through commercials and finishes the program in about forty minutes. We don't rent videos any more, but instead use TiVo's Movie Marquee feature to keep a couple on tap. (The cable company's HBO package became a lot more valuable, and hey, that Encore channel is pretty cool, too.) Since everything we watch is listed in Now Playing, we no longer channel surf to find something tolerable, and we no longer know or care when or on what channel a particular show airs. We watch TV on our schedule, eradicating the concept of prime time. It feels like we watch less television now, because we watch only programs we really like. Just as the Internet removes geography from commerce, TiVo has liberated our television from the broadcast schedule. Along the way, we find ourselves evangelizing TiVo to friends and family. This is a reflection of the transformation in your life - once we had a PVR, we could see all the flaws in normal television and felt compelled to share the knowledge. Cynthia has entranced her ballet cohorts with tales of its convenience, and my sister- in-law wanted one within five minutes of seeing ours in action. This transformation into a TiVo evangelist is somewhat disconcerting, but apparently normal and undoubtedly accounts for a significant percentage of the 229,000 current TiVo subscribers. I asked several friends what they thought of their TiVos, and their comments were overwhelmingly positive. "I can't imagine life without this device," says a friend who's had a TiVo for only six months. After Adam briefly mentioned shopping for a TiVo in TidBITS-543_, TidBITS Talk caught fire with discussion about PVRs and their possible effects on advertising, given that most PVR owners skip or fast forward through commercials. Plus, once the television stream is digital, it's conceivable that a PVR could actually replace the commercials in television shows with others that were more tailored to individual viewers. **Under the Hood** -- The TiVo recorder uses a combination of surprisingly humble hardware and innovative software. At its heart is a 27 MHz IBM PowerPC 403GCX processor, 16 MB of RAM, and either one or two Maxtor Fireball LCT series IDE hard disks. Video is compressed and stored in the MPEG-2 format, with dedicated encoder and decoder chips (the Sony CXD1922Q and IBM MPEG-2CS22, respectively) doing the heavy lifting. Extensive use of DMA (Direct Memory Access) keeps data moving to and from the hard disks, while the CPU maintains an astonishingly low average busy rate of 11 percent. TiVo uses the open source Linux as the recorder's operating system, with the company's own scheduling modifications coded into the kernel. The TiVo software itself runs as a proprietary application on top of the operating system; video streams are written to TiVo's MFS file system, which is tuned for efficient space management and to extract the maximum performance from the hard drives. Interestingly, the recorder is never at rest - to the point that it lacks a power switch. It's always recording a video stream - if it's not recording a specific program, the live television signal is saved into a 30-minute buffer. It's also always playing a video stream - "live" TV is played out of the buffer, with about a one second delay. It's even playing a video stream when you're in the user interface, as the background animations are MPEG2 streams, permanently stored on the disk. Although managing gigabytes of video streams, the TiVo software itself occupies only 24 megabytes of disk space. As of January of 2001, 150,000 TiVo recorders were managing an astonishing 4.5 _petabytes_ of total storage and downloading 5.1 terabytes of daily guide updates. [For reference, a petabyte is 1,024 terabytes, or over one million gigabytes. A terabyte is 1,024 gigabytes. -Geoff] In April of 2001, TiVo's CTO and co-founder Jim Barton gave a lecture at the University of California at Berkeley entitled, "An Overview of the TiVo Service." His slides are available in PDF format, and the 90-minute lecture can be viewed in RealPlayer and MBONE formats. If you're interested in a highly technical discussion of the TiVo recorder's hardware and software, you won't be disappointed. A vibrant and inquisitive user community has sprung up around TiVo, inspired not only by the effect it has on its users' lives, but also by the enticing combination of off-the-shelf components and an open source operating system. The AV Science Web site, an information repository for the home theater set, hosts a dedicated TiVo discussion forum. TiVo staff actively monitor the forum and use it as a means for customer support, communications, and floating the occasional trial balloon. The TiVo Underground section is devoted to hacking the TiVo hardware, discovering hidden software codes, and the like. The most common hack is the addition of larger hard drives, a process that once required arcane knowledge of Linux disk partitions and byte swapping. Today, several software utilities are freely available to aid this process, and one user has written an excellent how-to primer for upgrading your TiVo's hard drive. Enterprising folks have also discovered how to hack an Ethernet card into the recorder and instructing it to get its guide updates via Ethernet instead of the built-in modem. (All of these modifications void your warranty, of course, but that has barely slowed enthusiastic hackers.) **Limitations and Caveats** -- Like most things in this world, TiVo has points of frustration. For starters, the recorders are advertised and priced according to hours of storage. There are four levels of recording quality, and the advertised number is achieved only if you exclusively use the lowest quality setting. This Basic setting uses tight, lossy compression and looks to my eyes about the same as a VCR's Extended Play setting; Medium is less compressed and appears about the same as a VCR's Standard Play. The High and Best qualities both look superb, but you lose a lot of recording capacity - my unit's 14.5 hours of Basic capacity shrinks to 4.3 hours at Best. Basic is fine for talking head shows and most sitcoms; we use it as the default quality on our 14-hour recorder. We use Medium for any show with fast-action shots (e.g. ER or Buffy the Vampire Slayer) and High or Best for anything we want to savor, such as Bruce Springsteen's HBO concert special. Keeping track of recording quality and disk space grows annoying, however, and the hacking community has spawned a storage upgrade cottage industry. TiVo recently floated a survey regarding storage upgrade pricing, and I think they or their hardware partners (perhaps through the service desks at retailers like Circuit City) would do well to offer such an option. For the TiVo to work its magic with the program guide, it must use its built-in modem to call in for daily television schedule updates. TiVo's service provides local dialup numbers in most areas, and until recently they offered an 800 number if a local number wasn't available. (The 800 number is still available for existing customers, but was removed from the options given to new customers.) The hacking community has found that the unit's phone call is actually a PPP dialup to UUNET. In light of this discovery, many feel that TiVo should enable the recorder to use a customer's existing ISP account as an alternative dialup method. Given that Wishlists contain specific criteria of what I like, and that Suggestions record things TiVo thinks I might like, one assumes that the former influence the latter. This is not the case - the only thing that affects Suggestions is the user's use of the Thumbs Up and Thumbs Down buttons. I'm often asked, "Can a TiVo record two programs at once?" The answer is "it depends" and "soon, apparently." There are two types of TiVo recorders: stand-alone and DirecTV combination receivers (also known as DirecTiVo). Stand-alone units can receive television from an antenna, cable (analog or digital), or satellite, but they have only one tuner - which means only one recording at a time. DirecTiVo units integrate the satellite receiver and TiVo recorder into the same box and write DirecTV's MPEG2 stream directly to disk. (These units don't have or need the MPEG2 encoder chip and thus can be used only with the DirecTV service.) Integrated recorders also have two hardware tuners, but until now only one of them was actually used. On 20-Aug-01 TiVo announced the release of software version 2.5 to DirecTV combination receivers. This release enables the second tuner and the capability to record two programs simultaneously. During the financial conference call, CEO Mike Ramsay stated that the all DirecTV combination receivers would receive the update during the next few weeks. If you receive a lot of channels (from digital cable or satellite), the second setup phone call can take quite a while, and the decompressing/indexing can take hours. If the TiVo recorder comes with version 2.0 of the software it will allow you to watch live TV (and pause, rewind, etc.) during the indexing. Earlier versions make you wait for the indexing to finish; the box doesn't say what version comes pre-installed, but the recorder downloads the latest software during its first daily call. (Digital cable and satellite services also include music channels, for which TiVo isn't very helpful. You can watch a music channel live and play it through your stereo, but TiVo will still want to change the channel when it's time to record a regular program.) It's also worth noting that TiVo's capability to gather data about customers' viewing habits, and what the company does with that data, has invited scrutiny from privacy advocates. On 26-Mar-01, the Privacy Foundation released a report outlining their concerns regarding the TiVo recorder, which reads, "According to our findings, TiVo gathers enough information to track individual users' home viewing habits while apparently promising not to do so; could identify the personal viewing habits of subscribers at will; [and] has a much more explicit privacy policy disclosure on its Web site than in the printed material that accompanies the purchase of the product." The report caught the attention of several major news organizations and prompted three members of the U.S. House of Representatives to ask the Federal Trade Commission to investigate the matter. TiVo quickly released a response to the report, clarifying the company's existing privacy policy, what data is collected, how it is uploaded and used, and the available opt-out option. A response to the FTC's inquiry was released on 03-May-01, and a PDF version appeared on the TiVo Web site. The issue was discussed at length on the AVS Forum, wherein many readers felt the Foundation's report was ill informed and unnecessarily inflammatory. In this discussion, several posts from "Otto" detail the exact contents of the files that are uploaded by the recorder, based on his investigation into the files on the recorder's hard disk. **Television Transformed** -- For anyone who owns a PVR, the experience is so transforming that we wonder how we possibly lived without them. Along the way we notice that we stop watching scheduled television, and watch only the PVR's recorded subset. Thus, it becomes clear that the PVR should not be a separate device, adding further clutter and cable morass, but should instead be integrated into our existing devices. TiVo's DirecTV- integrated receiver is such a device, as are Microsoft's UltimateTV (also a DirecTV-only receiver) and EchoStar's DishPVR 501. As further evidence of this trend, Motorola has announced intentions to integrate ReplayTV technology into their digital set-top boxes, and Panasonic has shipped a television with an integrated ReplayTV PVR. Meanwhile, cable provider Comcast has conducted a trial with TiVo recorders in the Cherry Hill, New Jersey area, and ZDNet reports that Cox conducted a similar trial in Las Vegas, Nevada. After living with a TiVo for a year, one thing is for sure - I will never again watch normal television. Having a PVR has turned the uncooperative, cantankerous television into a faithful butler who is attuned to my whims and fancy. Viva la TiVolution! [Andrew Laurence works in computing at the University of California, Irvine. He is an avid reader, enjoys a large music collection, and doesn't watch all that much TV. Really.] $$ Non-profit, non-commercial publications may reprint articles if full credit is given. Others please contact us. We don't guarantee accuracy of articles. Caveat lector. 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